Enneagram 3

• The enneagram personality typing system
• Enneagram 3w4 (The Expert, The Professional)
• Richard Rohr lecture on the 3 → it’s sooo bang on dude
• I did a free enneagram test in ~autumn of 2023 when I was in Albania and first learned about the enneagram, got typed as a Enneagram 3w4 (The Expert, The Professional) and felt deeply seen
• Now, in October of 2025, I was like “I should maybe pay for a more official-looking test just to be sure”. What if I’ve changed, or what if I was mistyped, it might be really useful to realise e.g. “oh shit I’m a 4”
• So I paid $20 for an online test from The Enneagram Institute which ended up being functionally identical to the free one which I found back in the day, lol, oh well
• And it typed me as either a 9 (peacekeeper), 3 (achiever) or 1 (reformer). Reading through them, only the 3 felt deeply true and resonant → the other two felt like things I’ve made myself do, or things that are downstream of being a 3, rather than like “oh shit this actually really describes me”
• The first time I was typed as a 3 there was this deep feeling of relief when reading about it like “oh shit, this is so me, I’m not super weird, this is a Type of Guy that you can be??”
• 👇 copy-pasting from the test results PDF I got

Overview

• Personality Type THREE: The Achiever
• The Success-Oriented, Efficient Type
• Adaptive, Excelling, Driven, and Image-Conscious
• Generally, Threes are effective, competent, adaptable, goal-oriented, ambitious, organized, diplomatic, charming, into performance, and image-conscious.
• Threes get into conflicts by being expedient, excessively driven, competitive, self-promoting, “appropriate” instead of sincere, boastful, and grandiose.
• At their best, Threes are inner-directed, authentic, modest, admirable, well-adjusted, gracious, interested in others, and self-accepting.

This “in brief” bit is so astoundingly me, holy shit

• In brief, Threes want to feel valuable and worthwhile, to excel, to be affirmed, to be effective and efficient, to perform well, to be “the best,” to have attention, to be admired, and to impress others. Threes do not want anything that looks like failure, to sit around “doing nothing,” to be overshadowed by others, to look unprepared or awkward, to be average, to ask others for help or support, or to be caught in distortions of the truth.

Recognizing Threes

• Type Three exemplifies the desire to be our best self, to develop all of our potentials, and to value ourselves and others.
• Threes are the “stars” of the personality types—people of tremendous drive, ambition, and belief in themselves.
  • My extra-woo friend Catherine said that my “human design” type is also like this (“Manifesting Generator”)
• Excel
  • Threes want to excel, to be the best at whatever they do, and they are willing to put in the effort it takes to do so.
  • Threes can be found at the gym, taking classes at night, putting in extra hours at work, learning how to coordinate their best colors when they dress—basically doing what it takes to shine.
• Diplomatic
  • While Threes are energetic and ambitious, they are also diplomatic—they want to be liked and esteemed by others. They strive to be presentable and appropriate, not wanting to come across in ways that would be disapproved of.
  • They know how to put their best foot forward and present themselves in a way that highlights their energy and confidence.
• Above all, goal oriented
  • Threes are, above all, goal-oriented. They get a particular objective in their sights and then actively engage in activities that will bring them closer to whatever they seek.
  • They pursue their dreams tirelessly, and cannot understand why others are not similarly motivated.
  • Thus, Threes also enjoy sharing self-development tips, explaining how to make money, lose weight, develop career skills, and so forth.
  • They are hard workers, diligent and effective—and they like helping others to be that way, too.
• Adaptable
  • To achieve their goals, Threes learn to be highly adaptable.
  • They are able to change course when necessary and may even do so several times, including a change of career, if that is what it takes.
  • They may try different approaches to problems until they find a formula that seems the most effective.
  • Similarly, Threes quickly adapt to different social settings, always wanting to be appropriate and to exemplify the values of whatever group they are in.
• Overly adaptable
  • While their adaptability can be an enormous asset, it can also be overdone, leaving Threes unsure of who they are or what their own deepest values are.
    • I’ve been thinking about this recently as the curse of high openness
• Efficiency and effectiveness
  • In all of their dealings, Threes value efficiency and effectiveness, and they are often prized by businesses for these values.
  • They are extremely goal-driven, and once they are given a task to perform, will do their best to make sure that it is done as quickly and efficiently as possible.
• Efficient to a fault
  • The problem is that Threes can be efficient to a fault—becoming accomplishment machines, brushing their real feelings and needs aside to “get the job done.”
  • This way of living can leave Threes feeling empty and emotionally isolated, despite the successes they may be having.
    • Yup, this was a huge arc for me!
• Valued for accomplishments and self-presentation
  • Problems arise because Threes learned in childhood that they are only valuable for their accomplishments and self-presentation.
  • They believe that they will only be loved if they become extraordinary in some field of endeavor.
• Intense pressure, draining
  • Thus, the pressure to be outstanding in whatever they do is intense and draining.
  • Even if they are not working at a career and are primarily keeping a home, they will strive to have the most outstanding home in their neighborhood and to be “Super-Mom” or “Super-Dad.”
• Difficult to stop/rest
  • Threes find it difficult to stop or rest when they are caught up in their drive for success.
  • They believe that to do so is to risk failure—and most Threes would rather die than fail and risk being humiliated.
• Drive for success creates conflicts
  • Their drive for success can also create conflicts with their personal or family life. Similarly, intimacy issues are not uncommon
• Presenting successful images
  • When Threes push themselves too hard and are unable to deliver everything that they would like to, they may resort to presenting successful images to others rather than letting people know their actual state or emotional condition.
  • They attempt to convince others and themselves that they have no problems and that they are doing great, even though they may feel depressed or even burnt out.
  • They believe that they can “fake it until they make it,” but if Threes do not slow down to deal with their emotional problems, sooner or later, a crash is inevitable.

Their Hidden Side

• Beneath the surface, Threes have deep anxieties about their personal value. They feel that unless they maintain a certain position or image in life, they will be devalued, rejected, and tossed aside as worthless. Thus, they feel a constant inner pressure to “have it together,” to not need much intimacy or personal support, and, above all, to constantly perform at maximum efficiency.
• Unless you knew a Three very well, you would never suspect the degree of emotional vulnerability and insecurity that they conceal beneath their smooth, efficient surface. The fact is that despite Threes’ apparent social ease, there is great loneliness and a belief that they must not need help or support.
• As much as possible, Threes try to avoid their feelings of shame and isolation, but a large part of their growth entails allowing these feelings to arise and become integrated into their functioning self.

Relationship Issues

• Threes often report that they feel confident in their ability to attract other people. They are usually charming and magnetic, and they know how to behave appropriately.
• Also, many Threes spend significant time and resources cultivating their personal presentation. They work at being in good physical condition and are often well-groomed.
• They want their partner to be proud of them and their accomplishments, so they often are drawn to people who they believe will appreciate them.
• The problem is that Threes fear that many parts of themselves may be less than outstanding or even unacceptable. Fears of potential rejection may prevent them from letting people get close to them.
• Significant relationship issues include the following:
  • Holding the partner to strict standards that the partner does not wholeheartedly share.
  • Presenting a favorable image that they later fear they will not be able to live up to.
  • Fearing that people only want them for their looks or abilities.
  • Not speaking up when they need help or support, then resenting the partner for not supporting them.
  • Workaholism as a way of avoiding intimacy.
  • Pre-emptively leaving relationships out of fear of rejection, or having serial relationships (“conquests”) as a way of bolstering their self-image.
  • Haranguing the partner for not reflecting well on them, for behaving in ways that do not support the Three’s self-image.

Type Compatibility

• To learn more about compatibility issues and relationships with other types, see the Enneagram Type Combinations.

The Passion: Deceit (Vanity)

• Deceit here is primarily a kind of self-deception.
• Threes convince themselves that only their image and their performance are valuable.
• They subconsciously feel that their own natural inner qualities are inadequate or unacceptable, so they strive to become the sort of person that they believe others would look up to.
• They have an idea of the qualities, talents, and appearance that they need to have in order to be acceptable, and they work tirelessly to embody those qualities.
• Thus, Threes convince themselves that they must always be outstanding, superb, and exceptional—the best at whatever they are focusing on.
• To be any less than this is to fail, to be worthless.
• This is like the child who gets straight A’s but is then tormented by getting an A-minus or a B-plus, or the athlete who wins several gold medals but then feels like a failure for getting a silver or bronze.
• This kind of self-rejection and self-deception causes Threes a great deal of suffering.
  • Dude, is this a big part of the reason for my mega-self deprecation? Holding myself to a very high standard (straight As) and being super super aware of how I’ve always fallen short (according to myself)?
• Once Threes lose themselves in these self-deceptions, truth becomes whatever works to keep their self-image going, and they are able to deceive others, often without any apparent remorse.

At Their Best

• Healthy Threes are excellent communicators, motivators, and promoters, and they know how to present something in a way that’s acceptable and attractive.
• In the workplace, they can be very effective at building morale and company spirit.
• They value excellence and accomplishment and truly enjoy helping others discover how to shine.
• Even when they are not “coaching” others, they often inspire people to become like them in some way.
• Healthy Threes are able to do this because they believe in themselves and invest time and energy in developing their native talents.
• They value themselves, their lives, and the people they love, seeing life as an opportunity to offer what talents they have been given to the world.
• They are also “adaptable” in the best sense of the word. If they see that they are doing something incorrectly or that their methods are not reaping positive results, they are willing to learn another way and to change.
• Further, healthy Threes are not in a contest with anyone. They deeply enjoy working with others toward shared goals and do not need to outshine their peers.
• Thus, healthy Threes may or may not have significant accomplishments, but others are impressed by their realness and their heartfelt sincerity.
• They model an honesty, simplicity, and authenticity that inspires people.
• They do not try to impress others or inflate their importance; rather, they see their limitations and appreciate their talents without taking themselves too seriously.
• At their best, they are also tender, touchingly genuine, and affectionate—they truly become “heroes” and “role models” who inspire others by their outstanding achievements, humility, and warmth.

Personality Dynamics & Variations

Under Stress (Three Goes to Average Nine)

• When Threes drive themselves too hard, their stress can go beyond what they can normally cope with.
• When this occurs, they tend to go on “autopilot,” attempting to just get through things without being bothered, in the manner of average Nines.
• Threes going to Nine become more passive and fall into routines.
• They lose their focus and involve themselves with busywork to at least give the appearance that they are getting things done.
• If stress continues, however, they may begin to become shut down, listless, and depressed, losing interest in their projects and withdrawing from people.
• They feel little energy or enthusiasm and simply want people to leave them alone and give them space.
• They can become stubborn and resistant to offers of help at these times, not wanting to hear that they have a problem.

Security (Three Goes to Average Six)

• With most people, Threes make every effort to be diplomatic and well-mannered. They do not want to say things that would be off-putting to people if they can avoid it.
• But when Threes feel that their relationships are secure, they can be more open about expressing their anxieties and frustrations.
• They may keep a “positive frame of mind” all day at work, only to come home and download their dissatisfaction onto their spouse or partner. (“I think my boss is going to go nuts on me when he finds out we still haven’t got this report nailed down.“)
• Feelings of self-doubt, dread, suspicion, and anger at others’ incompetence can all surface in contrast to the Three’s usual “can do” attitude.

Integration (Three Goes to Healthy Six)

• As Threes let go of their fears of failure and worthlessness, they start to feel less competitive with others.
• They relax and find that they feel most valuable while working cooperatively with others toward shared goals and aspirations, like healthy Sixes.
• They learn to freely offer support and guidance to the people in their lives, but more importantly, they also learn to ask for support when they need it.
• Threes ordinarily put themselves under such pressure to accomplish their goals with little or no help that it comes as both a surprise and a relief to them that others are happy to help them in their endeavors.
• In short, Threes learn to trust others and to build lasting bonds with people. They become more selfless and courageous, embodying real qualities of leadership and self-sacrifice.
• By letting go of their need to outshine others, Threes become truly extraordinary human beings.

Learn more about the nine Levels of Development.

Healthy Levels

• Level 1 (At Their Best):
  • Self-accepting, inner-directed, and authentic, everything they seem to be.
  • Modest and charitable, self-deprecatory humor and a fullness of heart emerge.
  • Gentle and benevolent.
• Level 2:
  • Self-assured, energetic, and competent with high self-esteem: they believe in themselves and their own value.
  • Adaptable, desirable, charming, and gracious.
• Level 3:
  • Ambitious to improve themselves, to be “the best they can be”—often become outstanding, a human ideal, embodying widely admired cultural qualities.
  • Highly effective: others are motivated to be like them in some positive way.

Average Levels

• Level 4:
  • Highly concerned with their performance, doing their job well, constantly driving self to achieve goals as if self-worth depends on it.
  • Terrified of failure.
  • Compare self with others in search for status and success.
  • Become careerists, social climbers, invested in exclusivity and being the “best.
• Level 5:
  • Become image-conscious, highly concerned with how they are perceived.
  • Begin to package themselves according to the expectations of others and what they need to do to be successful.
  • Pragmatic and efficient, but also premeditated, losing touch with their own feelings beneath a smooth facade. Problems with intimacy, credibility, and “phoniness” emerge.
• Level 6:
  • Want to impress others with their superiority: constantly promoting themselves, making themselves sound better than they really are.
  • Narcissistic, with grandiose, inflated notions about themselves and their talents.
  • Exhibitionistic and seductive, as if saying “Look at me!”
  • Arrogance and contempt for others is a defense against feeling jealous of others and their success.

Unhealthy Levels

• Level 7:
  • Fearing failure and humiliation, they can be exploitative and opportunistic, covetous of the success of others, and willing to do “whatever it takes” to preserve the illusion of their superiority.
• Level 8:
  • Devious and deceptive so that their mistakes and wrongdoings will not be exposed.
  • Untrustworthy, maliciously betraying or sabotaging people to triumph over them. Delusionally jealous of others
• Level 9:
  • Become vindictive, attempting to ruin others’ happiness.
  • Relentless, obsessive about destroying whatever reminds them of their own shortcomings and failures.
  • Psychopathic behavior. Generally corresponds to the Narcissistic Personality Disorder.

Personal Growth Recommendations for Type Threes

• Threes grow by recognizing that they do not need to separate their work and functioning from their feelings.
  • Threes believe they will be less effective and competent if they allow their feelings to enter the picture.
  • Thus, they wait until they are done with their tasks before they pay any attention to their emotions.
  • Nonetheless, their emotions are always operating, even if unconsciously.
  • And if Threes neglect them too long, those emotions start to make functioning much more difficult.
  • Thus, growth for Threes entails pausing while working and actively checking in with their feelings.
  • By tuning in to their heart, and becoming more conscious of their inner life, Threes derive much greater happiness and satisfaction from their work and from their relationships.
• For our real development, it is essential to be truthful.
  • Be honest with yourself and others about your genuine feelings and needs.
  • Likewise, resist the temptation to impress others or inflate your importance.
  • You will impress people more deeply by being authentic than by bragging about your successes or exaggerating your accomplishments.
• Develop charity and cooperation in your relationships.
  • You can do this by taking time to pause in busy day to really connect with someone you care about.
  • Nothing spectacular is required—simply a few moments of quiet appreciation.
  • When you do so, you will become a more loving person, a more faithful friend—and a much more desirable individual. You will feel better about yourself.
• Take breaks.
  • You can drive yourself and others to exhaustion with your relentless pursuit of your goals.
  • Ambition and self-development are good qualities, but temper them with rest periods in which you reconnect more deeply with yourself.
  • Sometimes taking three to five deep breaths is enough to recharge your battery and improve your outlook.
• Develop your social awareness.
  • Many Threes have grown tremendously by getting involved in projects that had nothing to do with their own personal advancement.
  • Working cooperatively with others toward goals that transcend personal interest is a powerful way of finding your true value and identity.
  • In their desire to be accepted by others, some average Threes adapt so much to the expectations of others that they lose touch with what they are really feeling about the situation. Develop yourself by resisting doing what is acceptable just to be accepted. It is imperative that you invest time in discovering your own core values.

Examples

• Examples that mean something to me (even if just something vague)
  • Paul McCartney
  • Madonna
  • Lady Gaga
  • Tony Blair
  • Oprah Winfrey
  • Tony Robbins
  • Lance Armstrong
• Augustus Caesar, Emperor Constantine, Bill Clinton, Tony Blair, Prince William, Condoleeza Rice, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Carl Lewis, Muhammed Ali, John Edwards, Mitt Romney, Bill Wilson (AA Founder), Andy Warhol, Truman Capote, Werner Erhard, Oprah Winfrey, Deepak Chopra, Tony Robbins, Bernie Madoff, Bryant Gumbel, Michael Jordan, O.J. Simpson, Tiger Woods, Lance Armstrong, Elvis Presley, Paul McCartney, Madonna, Sting, Whitney Houston, Jon Bon Jovi, Lady Gaga, Taylor Swift, Justin Bieber, Brooke Shields, Cindy Crawford, Tom Cruise, Barbra Streisand, Ben Kingsley, Jamie Foxx, Richard Gere, Ken Watanake, Will Smith, Courteney Cox, Demi Moore, Kevin Spacey, Reese Witherspoon, Anne Hathaway, Chef Daniel Boulud, Dick Clark, Ryan Seacrest, Cat Deeley, Mad Men’s “Don Draper,”